Understanding the Dangers of Heat Stroke in Hot Weather
As summer temperatures continue to rise across the UK and Europe, the risk of heat-related illnesses becomes a growing concern. Among the most serious is heat stroke, a condition that can escalate rapidly and lead to critical health consequences if not identified in time.
Heat stroke occurs when the body’s internal temperature regulation fails due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, often worsened by dehydration or intense physical activity. Unlike milder forms of heat-related illness, such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires urgent attention.
What makes heat stroke so dangerous is how quickly it can set in. The body typically maintains a steady core temperature of around 37°C, but during heat stroke, this can soar above 40°C. At this level, the body’s cells begin to break down, major organs can fail, and in severe cases, it can be fatal.
One of the most alarming aspects of heat stroke is the way it impairs neurological function. Confusion, disorientation, slurred speech and even unconsciousness are key warning signs that the body is shutting down its ability to cope with the heat. Unlike heat exhaustion, where the body can still sweat to cool itself, someone with heat stroke may stop sweating altogether. Skin may feel hot and dry to the touch, and the person might exhibit flushed skin, a rapid pulse, nausea, or shallow breathing.
Heat stroke can affect anyone, but the elderly, infants, people with chronic illnesses and outdoor workers are particularly vulnerable. Urban environments, especially during heatwaves, can trap heat and exacerbate the risk further. Even short periods of sun exposure in extreme heat without adequate hydration or shade can be enough to trigger a dangerous rise in core body temperature.
While heat stroke is preventable, its onset can be sudden and deceptive. Many people fail to notice the early signs or underestimate the seriousness of their symptoms.
If you or someone around you is experiencing symptoms consistent with heat stroke, such as confusion, a high body temperature, dry or hot skin, fainting or seizures, then you should consult a medical professional immediately.
